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Most construction projects will change and vary from the works that were originally priced. There will be unexpected construction delays and problems.

Variations and changes occur for many different reasons, and not all of them entitle the Contractor to a claim.

Contractors that don’t claim variations or change orders they are entitled to claim will incur costs that they did not allow for in their price. Contractors that do not claim delays they are entitled to claim could finish the project late and be penalised by the Client.

Regrettably some construction projects end in long, expensive, and bitter disputes over the validity of variation claims and change orders. But, it does not have to be this way.

I have been involved with over 120 construction projects. I submitted variation claims or change orders on almost all of these projects. Some projects nearly doubled in value and some projects increased in time by up to 80%.

I settled all change orders amicably with the Client, except two projects. One had a dispute adjudication board on the project and this was used to resolve the issue. One project we employed a lawyer and declared a dispute because the Client did not respond to our claims.

I got most of the time and money I claimed. And, importantly we did further projects with most Clients, so our reputation was not tarnished with these change orders.

It is possible to submit and agree variation claims and change orders amicably without upsetting Clients.

Preparing, submitting, and negotiating variation claims and change orders is something that contractors often do badly. It's a topic close to my heart, and something I've written several articles about, which I reference below. I've also written an easy to read guide for contractors: Construction Claims: A Short Guide for Contractors.

Below are 15 simple rules to help you successfully deal with variations and changes on your construction project.
#constructiondisputes #changeorders

15 Rules for dealing with construction variations and delays

Most construction projects will have changes and delays, and Contractors are usually entitled to claim for the changes and delays which were not caused by their team, and which they did not know about or could not have reasonably foreseen when they priced the project. (Read: When Contractors Can’t Claim a Delay From Their Client on Construction Projects.)
Failure to claim legitimate change orders could mean that the Contractor does work for free, and if they complete the project late due to delays beyond their control which they didn’t claim, they could even be penalised by the Client. (Read: Are you working for free on your construction project?)
The Contractor is not automatically entitled to be paid for the change, or granted additional time. The Contractor must prove the additional time and costs. They must justify why these costs and time are due. They need to show they have taken all steps to avoid the variation, and that they have provided adequate notification and if possible forewarning to the Client of the event and it's implications. As they say: There is no such thing as a free lunch! (Watch: An introduction to construction variation claims for construction project managers Video 4 - Reasons claims are rejected)
It’s important Project Managers take an active part in preparing variation claims, or certainly check them. It's their project, and invariably their name at the bottom of the claim. They must have the facts at hand when the Client quizes them on the claim. (Read: Should construction project managers take the lead with variation claims?)
The Client must be notified of delays or changes as soon as they become known. This gives Clients an opportunity to rectify issues. Change orders must be submitted when the event occurs. Early agreement of change orders is essential for the Contractor’s cashflow. (Watch: An introduction to construction variation claims video 19 - Variation Claim Notification.)
All contractual correspondence must be in writing. (Watch: An introduction to construction variation claims for construction project managers video 15 - Instructions.)
Accurate project records are essential for proving change orders. These records must be maintained from the project start. (Read: Documents That Will Make Your Construction Variation Claim Successful.)
Contractors must take the time and put effort into preparing change orders. Checking that they have allowed for all impacts and costs of the event. Usually Contractors have one chance to get the variation claim right. The claims are often worth lots of money, so the time spent on them will be well worth the effort. (Read: Construction project variations – have you included all your costs?)
Change orders must be well thought through, accurate, logical, clear, and with supporting documentation, so that even those not familiar with the project understand them. (Read: Will your next construction variation claim be successful?)
Spurious and inflated change orders should be discouraged. They are a waste of time and reflect poorly on the Project Manager’s integrity, and puts legitimate claims in jeopardy. (Watch: an introduction to construction variation claims video 8 - when you can not claim extension of time.)
Contractors must be prepared to negotiate change orders with their Clients. This negotiation does not necessarily mean giving back time and money which the Contractor was entitled to, rather it’s about arguing the facts with the Client and persuading them of the virtues of the change order. (Watch: Negotiating a construction variation claim – read this first to improve your success 10 Tips To Submit Winning Variation Claims.)
Change orders should not be viewed as a way to make money. Where possible Contractors should limit change orders by forewarning Clients early of problems, and even avoiding some projects and Clients that are disorganised. Change orders are seldom the cash cows that Contractors think they are. (Watch: An introduction to construction variation claims video 17 - When variation claims aren't good for contractors.)
Contractors must promptly deal with change orders from Subcontractors. Where these are for the account of their Client, the Contractor should check the change order is correct and clear, then add their costs and perhaps other Subcontractor’s costs, before submitting the change order to the Client. (Watch: An introduction to construction variation claims for construction project managers video 13 - Claims by Subcontractors against Contractors.)
When Clients do not agree to a change order the Contractor can declare a dispute, following the processes outlined in the contract. Usually Contractors cannot stop work. (Read: Don’t you hate it when clients ignore your change orders?)
Before declaring a dispute Contractors should exhaust all means of resolving the issue, and consider whether the dispute will yield a positive outcome. Disputes cost time and money to resolve, with often no guarantee of a positive outcome. (Read: Avoiding disputes on your construction project.)

Winning Construction Change Orders

It is possible to amicably agree change orders with Clients by following these 15 rules. Contractors are entitled to claim for legitimate changes and delays which they could not reasonably have foreseen or allowed for. Change orders should not end in disputes.
#constructionclaims #constructioncontracts #constructionlaw

Other useful articles
Don’t start construction projects without a proper contract.
Can I Claim for Additional Time on My Construction Project?

Information in this article is from the author's book ‘Construction Claims: A Short Guide for Contractors’.
© 2021 This article is not to be reproduced for commercial purposes without written permission from the author.

Do you want to learn how to manage construction projects successfully

Click on picture to view books on Amazon

Paul Netscher has written several easy to read books for owners, contractors, construction managers, construction supervisors and foremen. They cover all aspects of construction management and are filled with tips and insights.
Visit to read more.
The books are available in paper and ebook from most online stores including Amazon.

2 Comments

The Basics of Warehouse Construction

21/10/2021

The warehouse is the heart of any business, and it's crucial to get the storage right. A warehouse can be tailored to suit your needs in a number of ways; for example, you might need specific shelving or racks depending on what you're storing.
We'll take a look into some of the basics that go into constructing a warehouse, so you know exactly what you're getting when building one.
We also recommend checking out this blog post about The Top 5 Software for Construction Project Planning & Management.

Photo by Pickawood on Unsplash

What Is A Warehouse?

A warehouse is the storage facility for a company's inventory and serves as its point of distribution to consumers. It can either be spread over an entire area or part of one, depending on how much you need to store!

A standard warehouse consists primarily of shelves where merchandise is stored pending shipment out. However, there are different construction types that can be used to suit different needs.

We'll take a look into some of the basics that go into constructing a warehouse, so you know exactly what you're getting when building one!
According to Statista, The number of warehouses is expected to reach just under 180,000 by 2025.

The boom in e-commerce has led retailers and manufacturers alike for space that can store goods without transportation costs as well as provide easy access at any time necessary; this has caused an upsurge throughout North America where 25% more warehousing facilities are being built every year on average than anywhere else around the world!

Types Of Warehouses

There are three types of warehouses to consider for your storage needs. These include full-service (i.e.: including manufacturing and distribution), general service (storage only), or cross-docking (where the shipment is received, processed, and shipped out again). It's important to consider this when choosing your warehouse type.

Warehouses are vital for most businesses; make sure you get the one that suits your needs best!

Considerations For Warehouse Construction

There are a number of factors to consider when constructing your warehouse. These include the type and size, but also important elements such as ventilation, noise control, lighting, and more! Make sure you get it right from the beginning so that no aspect is left unfinished or overlooked.

Building Material
When it comes to warehouse construction materials, steel is the most common. The framework of a typical building uses this material for its support and durability in holding heavy loads without getting damaged easily over time as other types can do.
Designers also prefer using metals due to their strength when combined with fiberglass roofs that allow natural light inside while making them easy enough repairs if anything ever needed to be replaced on-site during use too!

As expected wood has always been an important resource used not only within buildings themselves but also shelves/storage space all around them; they're perfect places where goods will stay safely until needed again at some point down the line.
Construction costs account for about 80% of the overall cost of a warehouse, which emphasizes the importance of ensuring high quality.

We're all looking for a little inspiration, so why not check out this blog post about the Most Popular Commercial Roofs and Roofing Materials.

Structure and Location
To keep up with the demand for next-day delivery, warehouses are being built closer to customers. However, this requires an adequate location and good connections for logistics in order to reduce inventory wait times which is why most new development takes place on industrial estates near major cities, where land prices allow them access into those areas without having too much traffic congestion around their facilities as there was once before due primarily because people living close by needed things delivered quickly.

Importance of Size
When choosing a warehouse space, size matters.
According to WarehouseSpace, the typical 1 km long and over 500 thousand container-sized buildings can cost hundreds or thousands more depending on which type you choose: smaller ones are cheaper but they offer less storage capacity for inventory while requiring similar running costs as larger facilities (costs per square meter).

Safety
A warehouse is a great place to store things, but it also comes with risks. All structures must be fireproof and the roof cannot exceed 40 feet tall if you want an easy way out in case of emergencies like fires or other accidents that happen on site.
In addition to this precautionary measure for safety purposes, there are some key steps taken before construction begins such as obtaining planning permission which can only occur after meeting all necessary requirements via inspection from local authorities overseeing building codes.

These precautions protect both inventories stored within these facilities (warehouse stock) plus those who work inside them by reducing risk factors caused by injuries resulting from falls among others. As a warehouse employer, you also have a legal responsibility to protect workers and others from risk to their health and safety. According to the warehouse experts at Todoos, to keep a safe and operational warehouse, ensure you have a thorough cleaning schedule, garbage receptacles placed in priority areas, and information to promote hand-washing and general hygiene.

Photo by CPG. IO on Unsplash

Conclusion

Your warehouse is your most valuable asset. It’s the backbone of your business and must be designed with safety in mind always.

Considerations should be made about what materials will work best in your situation and where the location may have an impact on how much it would cost to construct a new one. How big does your company need? What safety features do they require? These questions can all help with determining whether or not constructing a new facility is worth it!

After considering all these factors, you should have a good idea about how to build or renovate an effective warehouse for your company's needs. Remember that no two warehouses are built alike so it’s important to take into account what will work best for you and yours before getting started on any project!
We hope this article has been helpful in understanding more about warehouses and why knowledge in this area may benefit you as well as others who read it!

Other useful articles
How can clients ensure their projects meet their expectations?
The 10 Biggest Risks Clients and Owners Face On Construction Projects
Collaboration in construction

Author

From Murray Bilby, Crowd Control Expert at Todoos. Todos specializes in everything that warehouse managers may require for seamless functioning of their facility – from queuing systems to waste receptacles, cigarette receptacles, signage, and even barriers for restricting access to areas where only a selected few are allowed.

Do you want to learn how to manage construction projects successfully

Click on picture to view books on Amazon

Paul Netscher has written several easy to read books for owners, contractors, construction managers, construction supervisors and foremen. They cover all aspects of construction management and are filled with tips and insights.
Visit to read more.
The books are available in paper and ebook from most online stores including Amazon.

1 Comment

When can contractors claim extra costs?

14/10/2021

Sometimes Contractors don’t claim the costs they are entitled to claim.

Who works for free? (An introduction to construction variation claims for construction project managers - part 1 - why you should submit claims)

It's often difficult for Contractors to make a profit. Margins are tight. Yet, some contractors do work for free. They neglect to claim for legitimate changes and delays caused by the client or due to reasons they could not have foreseen.

So what should contractors look out for? When can they claim additional costs?
#changeorders

Additional Costs Contractors Can Claim

The Contractor can claim additional costs when:

The specification is changed.
The scope increases.
The Client makes changes to completed work which requires work to be redone.
Changes in law which result in additional costs – like additional paid holidays.
Instructions issued by the Client that change the work, add additional items, or cause a delay. (An introduction to construction variation claims for construction project managers video 15 - Instructions)
Changes of commercial or contractual terms.
Changes in working conditions – for example encountering unexpected conditions.
The Client or their Subcontractors damage completed work.
The Client not fulfilling their obligations – like failure to supply utilities or materials.
The Client asking for additional quality tests.
The Client requiring additional safety measures above the requirements of legislation, the contract conditions and what would be the norm in the industry.
Disruption costs which are caused by the Client, or the Client’s delay, or acceleration request. (An introduction to construction variation claims for construction project managers video 10 - Disruption claims)
There is a claimable delay. Has Your Project Been Delayed?
The Contractor is instructed to accelerate the work.

Basically anything the Contractor did not price, where they did not know that they were meant to price and allow for, nor could they have reasonably have foreseen the event occurring.
#constructionvariations

Claiming additional costs

The Contractor must be able to demonstrate that these events impacted them and prove the resulting costs. Include supporting documentation. (Documents That Will Make Your Construction Variation Claim Successful).

Don't work for free. Understand your contract and claim the legitimate costs that you are entitled to claim.
#constructionclaims #constructioncontracts #constructionlaw

Other useful articles
Don’t you hate it when clients ignore your change orders?
Negotiating a construction variation claim – read this first to improve your success
10 Tips To Submit Winning Variation Claims

This article is an extract from the author's book ‘Construction Claims: A Short Guide for Contractors’.
© 2021 This article is not to be reproduced for commercial purposes without written permission from the author.

Do you want to learn how to manage construction projects successfully

Click on picture to view books on Amazon

Paul Netscher has written several easy to read books for owners, contractors, construction managers, construction supervisors and foremen. They cover all aspects of construction management and are filled with tips and insights.
Visit to read more.
The books are available in paper and ebook from most online stores including Amazon.

0 Comments

The Contractor's Duty to Ask Questions

7/10/2021

Often disputes and Claims arise on construction projects because of misunderstandings. (Avoiding disputes on your construction project.) Why are there misunderstandings? Well usually because of poor communication. This may be because information isn't provided, or the information is incomplete, or there is conflicting information. Sometimes the Contractor in their haste to construct the project has not taken the time to fully interpret the information provided, or perhaps search for missing information. The problem could even be within the Contractor's team where information has not been passed to those doing the work. (the importance of good communication on projects)

Whatever the case, misunderstanding the information provided, or interpreting the information incorrectly, or making the wrong assumptions when there is conflicting or incomplete information, could be very costly for the Contractor, resulting in delays and work being redone.
#constructionprojectmanagement #constructiondisputes

Asking Questions May Avoid Mistakes

Often Contractors assume something incorrectly, leading them to make mistakes that a simple question could have avoided.

If something isn’t clear in the contract document, in the specifications, or on construction drawings provided by the Client then the Contractor must seek clarification.
It is essential that these questions and the answers to the questions are in writing and recorded as an Request for information (RFI), Engineering Query or similar. These should be dated with proof when they were submitted.
Simply because the information wasn’t clear or was missing doesn’t absolve the Contractor from performing the work correctly and as the Client intended.
It’s therefore essential that the Contractor ensures that their Team asks questions when they are uncertain of something, and raise a query when there are discrepancies, or an item doesn’t appear to be correct.
The contractor’s Supervisors and Foremen are often in the forefront when they work from drawings and specifications provided. In the rush to complete the work they sometimes misinterpret or misunderstand what is on the drawing, or, in some cases even make their own plan when something on the drawing is obviously incorrect.
It’s also important to query discrepancies between drawings, or between drawings and the specifications

#constructionmanagement

Lack of Clarity When Pricing Construction Projects

Sometimes Contractors make errors when they price construction projects. They incorrectly assumed something resulting in them pricing a project too low, or submitting a construction schedule which isn't achievable. Unfortunately sometimes information provided by the Client for pricing the project is incomplete, or unclear. Some critical project information could even be missing.

The contractor should not assume anything when pricing a construction project.

If the scope of work isn’t clear, specifications aren’t included, there is a lack of clarity to what the Client is supplying, or there are contradictions between drawings, documents or specifications then it’s important the Contractor seeks clarity before submitting their price.
Should the Client not provide the information requested then the Contractor should include with their price the assumptions they made in arriving at their quoted price, or ensure that it is clear what they have priced, what they are providing and what the Client should provide.
In some instances the contract document and scope of works may be so poorly prepared that the Contractor should consider not pricing the construction project.
Being awarded a construction project where the pricing documentation is seriously flawed will almost certainly lead to a construction project with numerous change orders and disputes.

#pricingconstructionprojects

Wrong Assumptions Lead to Expensive Construction Errors

Never assume anything. Query things which you are unsure of, or which don't look right. No question is stupid, but mistakes are stupid and cost money. Take a little extra time to check what you are doing is correct.

Contractor's have a duty to ask questions.
#constructionmanagementtips

Other useful articles
Conflict Resolution and Prevention on Construction Projects
Avoiding the unexpected in construction
Did you make a difference on your construction project today?

This article is an extract from the author's books 'Successful Construction Project Management' and 'The Successful Construction Supervisor and Foreman'.

Do you want to learn how to manage construction projects successfully

Click on picture to view books on Amazon

Paul Netscher has written several easy to read books for owners, contractors, construction managers, construction supervisors and foremen. They cover all aspects of construction management and are filled with tips and insights.
Visit to read more.
The books are available in paper and ebook from most online stores including Amazon.

0 Comments

Conflict Resolution and Prevention on Construction Projects

16/9/2021

6 Comments

Conflict in Construction

Every construction project has conflict. There’s conflict within construction teams, conflict between supervisors, conflict within the contractor’s management team, conflict with suppliers and subcontractors and conflict between the client’s team and the contractor’s team. A construction project is a melting pot of egos, personalities and cultures. It’s a stressed environment with everyone trying to do the best for themselves and their company, while getting the job completed as quickly as possible, often in difficult circumstances.

Sometimes you can’t avoid conflict, you have to stand up to the client when they’re being unfair to your company and demanding things which aren’t in the contract document. You have to take a stand when people in your crew aren’t obeying company or project rules. You have to be tough on suppliers and subcontractors who aren’t delivering. But, this must be done without yelling and swearing (regrettably I was often guilty of this). It’s important to explain why you’re unhappy and what’s unacceptable. Successful construction demands good communication
#conflictresolution

Not the way to resolve conflict (Image courtesy of franky242 at FreeDigitalPhotos.net)

Contain your frustrations

Of course, there will always be some that make you really angry. People make mistakes. Supervisors will put their area of work ahead of other work on the project. They will see their work as coming first and not look at the greater project. They may block access to other parts of the project, maybe use materials needed elsewhere, unfairly hog equipment, like cranes, so that other work areas are kept waiting. It’s good to be so passionate about your work that you care when others are impeding you. But, don’t fly into a rage. Understand that others are also passionate about getting their work done, and often their actions aren't deliberate - they're just focussed on their work, without considering the consequence of their actions on the rest of the project.

Everyone on a construction project is also stressed. Often they aren’t even aware of the impact their actions are having on other work. Explain logically what the problem is, and more importantly how the problem should be resolved. Sure you can show your displeasure and explain that the issue should be avoided in the future. Everyone needs to understand that completing the project is a team effort and the project isn’t complete until all sections are complete.

Unquestionably, there will always be some incompetent people in construction, there will be some arse holes on the project, some managers and client’s representatives will be irritating with poor knowledge and little experience, construction is like that, there are many who shouldn’t hold the position that they have, but learn to work around them. If need be help them, tripping them up is seldom going to benefit you other than the short term satisfaction it may provide.

There will be subcontractors and suppliers that let you down. Why did they let the project down? Was there something you could have done better to prevent the issue? How can the situation be rectified? How can it be prevented from recurring? Shouting and cursing is not going to help! Sure you are passionate and it is only right to show your displeasure, but it's more important that the problem is fixed quickly.

Obviously, never be so assured in your knowledge and self-esteem that you’re not prepared to listen to the other person. None of us are so perfect that we can’t learn something new, or a new method of doing things. Sometimes even young and inexperienced managers may see things differently and come up with an innovative solution you hadn’t considered before.

Resolving issues together (Image by Michal Jarmoluk from Pixabay)

There will be times when others will be unhappy with you – rightly or wrongly. They may yell and swear at you. Of course you won’t like that, but that’s not reason to yell and cuss back. Rather stay calm. If you did something wrong admit it and apologise – that will soon diffuse the situation and it most cases the other person will forget that anything happened and move on.

Arguing something where you’re wrong will invariably escalate the situation making it worse.

Certainly if the other person is wrong then tell them why they’re wrong. Be prepared to argue your case in a clear logical manner without becoming emotional or personal about it – even if the other person is throwing personal insults.

Sometimes arguments are over stupid small things. Consider if it’s really worth your time and effort to argue some silly point or misdemeanour. Some arguments are best walked away from.

Sometimes though problems can’t be rationally resolved, the other person is never going to understand your point of view. In these cases it may be necessary to involve a third party to settle the dispute.
#disputeresolution

Conflict within construction teams

On occasion, there may be some in your crew fighting and arguing. This is disruptive and can jeopardise safety and productivity. It’s important to have a harmonious team and to step-in and resolve the dispute.

Listen to each person’s arguments and then logically explain who is right and who is wrong. Sometimes both might be wrong.

Unfortunately, from time to time we get trouble makers in our team, or maybe just somebody that’s obnoxious and gets people’s backs up. If the person is unable to change their behaviour they may have to be moved elsewhere, possibly have their employment terminated.

There will also sometimes be clashes of personality, someone does not see eye to eye with another. It’s important to understand why there’s a problem. If it’s because of racial, ethnic or any form of discrimination it’s important to stamp it out immediately, and the person being discriminatory should be warned to discontinue the behaviour or disciplinary action will be taken. If it’s simply a clash of personalities and neither party is prepared to back down then one of the workers may have to be transferred to another crew. But always try and talk through the problem with the two people. Talk to others in the crew to check that there isn’t another underlying cause that you’ve missed, a matter that could perhaps arise later in another form. Discrimination in construction – is it holding your company back?

Sure, sometimes it might seem like you’re a policeman, a psychologist, a judge, jury, and even sometimes like a parent, but unfortunately a construction manager or supervisor is all of these and more.

Conflict resolution

Conflict resolution and prevention is an important aspect of a construction manager's duty, and potential conflict situations should be quickly dealt with in a fair and impartial manner, otherwise even trivial matters can quickly escalate in to major issues, or fester unresolved in the background impacting morale and productivity.

You cannot always avoid conflict in construction. You cannot walk away from many issues. Rather it's the way that you resolve issues. Getting people to work together for the best project outcomes.

Successful construction projects are built by harmonious teams working together for the best project outcomes. Solving problems together.
#constructionmanagement #constructionprojectmanagement #construction

Other useful articles
What qualities does a good construction project manager require?
using the strengths of your employees to build a successful company
12 Proven Time Management Tips For Construction Project Managers

This article is an extract from the author's books 'Successful Construction Project Management' and 'The Successful Construction Supervisor and Foreman'.

Do you want to learn how to manage construction projects successfully

Click on picture to view books on Amazon

Paul Netscher has written several easy to read books for owners, contractors, construction managers, construction supervisors and foremen. They cover all aspects of construction management and are filled with tips and insights.
Visit to read more.
The books are available in paper and ebook from most online stores including Amazon.

6 Comments

Cranes, lifting equipment and slings

9/9/2021

21 Comments

Cranes are a valuable items of equipment on many construction projects. They are used to lift heavy material and equipment. Offloading items from delivery trucks, then placing them in position, sometimes up on towering buildings. Cranes allow for prefabricated and modular sections to be positioned in place - often speeding up construction. Many projects would not be possible without using cranes, or would certainly require lots more effort and time to complete.

Unfortunately there are many accidents each year involving cranes. Most of these could be avoided if those using the cranes took better care. Below are a few pertinent and important points to consider when employing cranes on your construction project.
#craneaccidents

There is other lifting equipment such as forklifts, telehandlers, etc, which are also commonly used to lift and transport material around construction projects. These can also prove deadly when they over topple, or when loads are not properly secured.

Crane accidents

Crane accidents result in:

Death and injury to operators, workers, and the general public.
Destroyed cranes.
Damage to the construction project.
Damage to surrounding properties and vehicles.
Disruption to the project. (Read: Crane collapses on bridge)
Bad publicity
Possible legal action and expensive claims. (Read: lawsuits follow Google Seattle crane collapse)

#cranesafety

Safety tips for cranes

The incorrect use of cranes and lifting equipment is often the cause of serious accidents. Lifting equipment must always have the outriggers fully deployed and the outriggers must be on firm ground and not near the edges of excavations. The outriggers should be on sturdy boards or beams to distribute the load. Cranes should never lift loads that are heavier, or at a greater reach, than their rated capacity. Always know the weight of heavy loads and ensure these are within the capabilities of the crane. The crane operator should not be overruled or forced to lift a load that they’re uncomfortable of lifting (if in doubt check with an expert). Cranes should never be used in gusty or windy conditions, nor should they be deployed when there’s lightning. Loads should never be lifted over people. Many a time loads have broken free and come crashing down to the ground. Anyone below could be fatally injured if this happens.
(Read crane company charged over crane collapse)

#constructionsafety
Always take extreme care when cranes are working in close proximity to structures or other cranes.
(Read: Buildings evacuated as crane smashes into office tower)

Cranes should never work near overhead live electrical cables. Coming in contact, or indeed even within a couple of metres, of live high voltage cables could result in a fatal accident, damage to the crane and a power outage.
(Read fatal accident when crane touches powerlines)

Items being lifted by the crane must always be properly secured. Loads should be balanced so they can’t topple over. Large loads and loads being manoeuvred in tight spaces should have tag lines attached so they can be safely guided into position by workers, who should never stand directly under the load. Workers holding tag lines must take care that swinging loads don’t pull them off buildings or into excavations.
(Read: 6 workers injured when crane drops reinforcing bars
and Death under load of scaffold)

Failure of a sling will result in the load being dropped, where it could cause serious damage to equipment and structures below and fatally injure people. (Read Pressure washer plunges 29 floors) In addition the loss of a heavy load has often resulted in the crane boom swinging back so rapidly that it’s caused the boom to break and even the crane to topple over.

Slings must always be properly secured to the crane hook and to the load in such a manner that they can’t accidently come loose. Crane hooks should be checked for cracks and deformation. Hooks have opened while lifting heavy loads, resulting in the load falling to the ground. Hooks should have working safety catches which prevent the lifting slings from accidently falling off.

Slings (chains, straps and cables) are of different load ratings. Always ensure that slings are rated for the weight being lifted. Slings must be checked regularly for wear, damage and deformities. Damaged slings must be clearly marked as nonconforming and removed from the project site so they aren’t accidently used. Multi-leg slings must be fixed in such a way that the legs are as close to vertical as possible, and not at an angle greater than 30 degrees from the vertical – the more horizontal the leg the greater the stress created in the sling, which could mean that the stress exceeds what the sling can carry, causing it to break.

Slings must always be stored where they won’t be damaged by other equipment and where they won’t become muddy and dirty.

Working with cranes

Cranes are an indispensable part of many construction projects.
Cranes are expensive to hire so they should be effectively utilized to minimize time and cost.
Regrettably, there are many crane accidents each year, which cause, injury, loss of life, and damage to structures and other equipment. With proper care cranes are valuable tools which can be safely used.

#constructionmanagement #constructionprojectmanagement #constructionequipment

Other useful articles
Become Great at Hiring Equipment for Your Construction Project
The Alarming Truth about Using Old Construction Equipment
Construction Equipment Productivity

This article is an extract from the book 'The Successful Construction Supervisor and Foreman'.
© 2021 This article is not to be reproduced for commercial purposes without written permission from the author.

Do you want to learn how to manage construction projects successfully

Click on picture to view books on Amazon

Paul Netscher has written several easy to read books for owners, contractors, construction managers, construction supervisors and foremen. They cover all aspects of construction management and are filled with tips and insights.
Visit to read more.
The books are available in paper and ebook from most online stores including Amazon.

21 Comments

Checking contractors' prices

2/9/2021

Not all subcontractors' prices are equal

In our previous articles we discussed Selecting subcontractors for your construction project and What to include in Subcontractor pricing documentation So now you've received prices from a number of subcontractors. Which subcontractor do you choose? The one with the cheapest price? Are you sure this will result in the cheapest cost for your construction project?

Checking subcontractor quotations

It's important to carefully check and compare the prices and quotations you receive from the different subcontractors.

It's important to check the following:

That the subcontractor has priced all items they were asked to price, and that they haven’t excluded anything.
Their construction schedule meets the milestone dates, and doesn’t have any unacceptable early requirements.
Their proposed construction methodology – what impact will that have on other construction and the finished product.
That their payment terms and conditions are acceptable.
That the specifications of the products they propose using meet the project requirements.
That the subcontractor has evaluated all the applicable drawings.
They haven’t got any contract conditions or exclusions which are unacceptable.
The subcontractor hasn’t included additional requirements which your company must supply, such as; cranes, scaffolding, accommodation or offices.
Where the subcontractor had to price a schedule of quantities you provided, that all their arithmetic calculations are correct and all items have been priced.
You won’t incur additional supervision costs, for example; managing after-hours work, or travelling to off-site manufacturing facilities.
That the equipment to be incorporated into the project comes with suitable warranties and that spare parts and servicing will be available locally.
That the subcontractor included all the required deliverables and met all the requirements in the pricing request.
There are no unacceptable provisional sums or prime cost items. - undefined items with ridiculously low costs.
The price includes all the taxes and duties.
The subcontractor understands the project requirements.
They’ve included for preparing designs and drawings where necessary
That there are no pricing anomalies – items which are priced high and others low – check for frontloading of prices. Frontloading is when tasks the subcontractor does at the beginning of their work has excessive profit, while work they do later has no profit or even negative profit. The extra profit the subcontractor makes with early work offsets the losses with later work, while their overall price is the same. – But what happens if the subcontractor goes bankrupt or deserts the project before they do the loss making work later in the project? – How will paying the subcontractor more for work at the beginning impact your cashflow?
Most importantly, something that’s often not done, is to ensure that the price is fair and achievable. – Prices which are too low or too cheap could cause the subcontractor to lose money leading to problems
Of course there is nothing wrong with awarding the work to the subcontractor with the lowest price (even if their price is much lower than other prices), providing that you’ve ensured that:

they are capable of doing the work,
there are no hidden extra costs which will be incurred later,
the subcontractor can deliver the project for their quoted price

Adjudicating subcontractor prices fairly

The adjudication of prices must be seen to be done in a fair manner.
A full record of the adjudication process should be kept, in case there are queries later.
Remember to add in your extra costs when evaluating the Subcontractor’s price against other prices so you’re comparing apples with apples.

Hopefully the last few articles have been useful and you will pick the right subcontractor for your project, using an appropriate contract document.

Other useful articles
Subcontractor construction contract documents
Don't save construction costs by doing this
What’s expected of your subcontractors? Do they know?

Click on picture to view books on Amazon

Do you want to learn how to manage construction projects successfully

Paul Netscher has written several easy to read books for owners, contractors, construction managers, construction supervisors and foremen. They cover all aspects of construction management and are filled with tips and insights.
One reader said: "I felt impelled to message you as I purchased your book, and wanted to thank you for the content, it has been very helpful."
Visit to read more.
The books are available in paper and ebook from most online stores including Amazon.

1 Comment

Selecting subcontractors for your construction project

18/8/2021

4 Comments

Many projects go badly because the wrong subcontractor is selected.
Often the subcontractor that submitted the lowest price is selected.
But, it is not only about price.

In our previous article Subcontractor scope of works we discussed how important is was to define the scope that you require your subcontractor to price to ensure that work was not accidently omitted, and also so work was not duplicated.

In What to include in Subcontractor pricing documentation we looked at what documentation should be supplied to prospective subcontractors so they could accurately price the work.

Finally in Subcontractor construction contract documents and Subcontractor contract documents part 2 we considered what should be included in your subcontractor's contract document.

So now you have received prices for your project from a number of subcontractors. How do you decide who you will use? Will you take the subcontractor with the lowest price? Will you check that the subcontractor has the capabilities to do the work? Will you compare the prices from each subcontractor to check that the cheapest is really the cheapest, and that you won't incur extra costs by employing the subcontractor?

Well that's what we are going to consider in this article and the one that follows.

What to check when selecting a subcontractor

You don't want this workmanship!

It’s important to check the following:

Does the Subcontractor have the required experience?
Can they produce acceptable quality?
Have they worked on similar projects or for similar Clients?
Do they have the resources to carry out the work?
Do they have the financial means to carry out a project of this size?
How does the size of the project compare to the size of projects the Subcontractor has undertaken in the past?
What other work are they currently doing?
What is their safety record?
Do they have a good reputation? Are they reliable and complete their projects on time?
Have they got a previous record of being claims orientated and having legal disputes with their Clients?
Do they have the required registrations?
Do they use good reliable Subcontractors? Who will their main Subcontractors be?
Has there recently been a change in their management?

Past performance, however, is not always indicative of how a Subcontractor will perform on a project.

Registrations and licences

Once the prices, or quotations, have been received they must be carefully adjudicated, ensuring that ‘apples are being compared with apples’, like with like.

It’s important not to just look at the total price, but rather consider the whole price submission. Which is what we look at in our next article.

Other useful articles
some reasons why projects lose money
Managing subcontractors on your construction project. What you should consider.
What you need to know to close-out your construction project successfully

Do you want to learn how to manage construction projects successfully

Paul Netscher has written several easy to read books for owners, contractors, construction managers, construction supervisors and foremen. They cover all aspects of construction management and are filled with tips and insights.
One reader said: "I felt impelled to message you as I purchased your book, and wanted to thank you for the content, it has been very helpful."
Visit to read more.
The books are available in paper and ebook from most online stores including Amazon.

4 Comments

Subcontractor contract documents part 2

10/8/2021

Contract documents should set out the rights and obligations of all the contracting parties.

A flawed construction contract document can lead to problems and disputes during construction.

In my last article Subcontractor construction contract documents we discussed that the contract document was a legally binding contract. Also that the subontract document does not have to be lengthy and that the contract document should be appropriate to the work.

So what should be included in your subcontract document?

Subcontract documents should include

The subcontract contract document must include or make provision for:

The scope of works. See Subcontractor scope of works
The price, and where required a break down of the price and unit rates.
Contract terms and conditions.
Project specifications.
Applicable drawings.
Specific project conditions.
Termination procedures.
The subcontract construction schedule, clearly showing commissioning and any discontinuities
The project safety requirements.
Applicable quality requirements, procedures, tests and documentation.
Commissioning requirements.
Spare parts to be supplied.
Warranties and guarantees required.
Clarification of what the Subcontractor must supply to carry out the works.
The Contractor’s obligations.

Much of the contract documentation should have formed part of the pricing documentation. Read What to include in Subcontractor pricing documentation
You cannot add things into the document extra to what the Subcontractor priced.

Other useful articles
Is the cheapest really the cheapest? - adjudicating quotations
How you can make your next construction project more successful.
Managing subcontractors on your construction project. What you should consider.

Do you want to learn how to manage construction projects successfully

Paul Netscher has written several easy to read books for owners, contractors, construction managers, construction supervisors and foremen. They cover all aspects of construction management and are filled with tips and insights.
"I highly recommend this book be read by all newly qualified construction project managers as well as those more experienced." Reader review on Amazon
Visit to read more.
The books are available in paper and ebook from most online stores including Amazon.

0 Comments

Subcontractor construction contract documents

6/8/2021

What should be included in contract documents?

In our previous article we discussed What to include in Subcontractor pricing documentation. This followed a previous article Subcontractor scope of works where we looked at how important it was to get the scope of works right before asking subcontractors to price work.

Subcontractors are critical to the success of most construction projects. Regrettably many problems arise with subcontractors. Many of these problems occur even before the subcontractor starts work. Often the wrong subcontractor is selected, or the subcontractor isn't given all the correct information to price the work. Then there are problems with the contract document which makes it difficult to administer the subcontractor, and flaws in the documents which even give rise to claims from the subcontractor.

In this article we consider the actual contract document that you use with construction subcontractors.

Are long contract documents necessary?

The subcontract document is a legally binding contract between the subcontractor and contractor.
If this document is poorly worded, inconsistent or incomplete, it can lead to complications with the management of the Subcontractor.
The contract must be appropriate for the type of work
The contract doesn’t have to be dozens of pages long.
The contract should not be one-sided or place undue risks on the subcontractor
Contracts must avoid confusing and ambiguous language and there should be no contradictory clauses.
Contract documents should be drafted by those familiar with the industry and who understand the complexities of the project.
The contract must include the provisions, specifications and terms from the main contract which apply to the subcontractor.
It must exclude non-applicable items from the main contract – so avoid cut and paste.
The contract document in general should include documentation the subcontractor priced.
The contract document must include all changes that were negotiated and agreed during the pricing stage.
The document should stipulate the subcontractor’s obligations to be fulfilled before final payment is released

In our next article Subcontractor contract documents part 2 we consider what should be included in the subcontractor's contract document.

Other useful articles
Avoiding disputes on your construction project.
Understanding the real cost of delays on your construction project
Selecting The Right Contractors and Subcontractors for Your Construction Project

Do you want to learn how to manage construction projects successfully

Click on picture to view books on Amazon

Paul Netscher has written several easy to read books for owners, contractors, construction managers, construction supervisors and foremen. They cover all aspects of construction management and are filled with tips and insights.
One reader said: "I felt impelled to message you as I purchased your book, and wanted to thank you for the content, it has been very helpful."
Visit to read more.
The books are available in paper and ebook from most online stores including Amazon.

0 Comments

What to include in Subcontractor pricing documentation

27/7/2021

In our article Subcontractor scope of works we mentioned how important subcontractors were to the success of construction projects. We discussed how some construction projects failed because the wrong subcontractor was selected. Problems with subcontractors often begin during the pricing and selection process.

We discussed how critical it was that subcontractors had an accurate scope of works to price. This ensures that every subcontractor prices the same thing so that it's easy to adjudicate and compare the various subcontractor's prices.

An accurate scope of works also ensures that subcontractors price the work required, thus avoiding potential variation claims and change orders later. It means that the subcontractors doesn't price stuff that they aren't expected to do.

In this article we consider what to include in the pricing documentation, or instruction to price, to ensure that the subcontractor understands the terms and conditions of the subcontract document, and that they cannot claim for project conditions they were unaware of.

Subcontractor pricing documentation

Avoid cutting and pasting from previous projects, or directly from your contract document, without checking the information is relevant and correct.
Provide sufficient time for the Subcontractor to price the work properly.
Keep documentation simple.
Ensure all Subcontractors get the same information.
Check the documentation.
Confirm verbal discussions in writing.
There must be a clear scope of work.
Applicable drawings and specifications must be included.
Include the contract schedule or milestone dates.
Terms of the contract must be included, for example:

•payment terms,
•retainage money,
•surety requirements,
•warranties,
•insurances.

Special project conditions, for example:

•labour rates,
•working times,
•interaction with others.
•Particular rules, hazards, etc.

Safety requirements of the project.
A list of the documents making-up the pricing documentation.
Clearly state what the Contractor will supply and what the Subcontractor must supply.
Explain how the Subcontractor should breakdown their price – lump sum, schedule of rates, overheads, etc.
Detail what must be included with the price submission – construction schedule, insurances, details of staffing.
When you want the price and who it must go to.
The project location.
Quality requirements – including testing, documents, inspections and commissioning.

Conclusion

Remember anything you require the Subcontractor to do which is not in these documents could give rise to a variation claim or change order later. So check the documentation and scope of works you ask subcontractors to price to ensure you've included everything you expect your subcontractors to execute, and the project conditions they must comply with. Forgetting something could be very expensive later.

In our next article we discuss what to include in subcontractor documentation.

Other useful articles
choosing a subcontractor
An introduction to construction variation claims for construction project managers Video 5 - Types of claims
How can clients ensure their projects meet their expectations?

Do you want to learn how to manage construction projects successfully

Click on picture to view books on Amazon

Paul Netscher has written several easy to read books for owners, contractors, construction managers, construction supervisors and foremen. They cover all aspects of construction management and are filled with tips and insights.
One reader said: "I felt impelled to message you as I purchased your book, and wanted to thank you for the content, it has been very helpful."
Visit to read more.
The books are available in paper and ebook from most online stores including Amazon.

2 Comments

A Guide to Construction Equipment Attachments

5/7/2021

8 Comments

Take a look at any construction site, anywhere in the world, and the chances are that you’ll see something familiar. Massive single-use pieces of equipment are a mainstay in any construction fleet, but for smaller businesses, a lack of both space and funding means that you need to look into multi-use alternatives. Backhoes, skid steer loaders, and compact track loaders are capable of utilizing a myriad of attachments, depending on the needs of the job.

Here is a quick breakdown of construction equipment attachments and what you might use them for.

Augers
Augers are heavy-duty high-torque drill bits designed to dig holes in the soil or rocky surfaces. These are ideal for everything from creating post holes to digging transplant holes for trees and other landscaping.

Backhoes
If you’re working with a skid steer loader or a compact track loader, a backhoe attachment can give you all of the functionality of a backhoe without having to invest in an extra piece of equipment.

Buckets
Buckets for backhoes come in a variety of different sizes and applications, so you’re sure to find something that works for you. General-purpose buckets can work for most applications, but if you’re working on a specific task like lifting heavy rocks or excavating soil, there are variations of the standard bucket that works for those as well.

Image by Dimitris Vetsikas from Pixabay

Blades
Blades are a valuable tool for site clearing and cutting applications. They do require frequent sharpening when cutting through dense materials but they’re more efficient than doing the same tasks by hand or with handheld tools.

Brooms
Why sweep your job site by hand when you can attach a broom to your backhoe or skid steer loader and use it to keep your site clean and safe. It is also a valuable tool for shifting materials like sand that might be difficult to lift or manipulate with larger equipment.

Brush cutters
If you find yourself needing to clear-cut a new lot before construction begins, brush cutters are the perfect attachment for the job. They come in widths ranging from 60 to 78 inches, making it easy to clear even large lots quickly and easily.

Compactors
Heavy-duty compactors might be more efficient for large stretches of land, but for small projects or those that have limited space, smaller backhoe or skid steer attachments are the best option.

Image by Siggy Nowak from Pixabay

Hammers
While these aren’t as common on construction sites, hammer attachments are valuable tools if you need to break up large rocks or concrete. They’re more common on quarries and on demolition sites.

Pallet Forks
These might not always be necessary, but if you find yourself needing to move palletized materials, a pallet fork attachment can make the job infinitely easier. These attachments usually come with adjustable fork widths so you can lift different size pallets with ease.

Plows
Snow, sleet and mud can throw a wrench into the best-laid plans. Instead of letting them delay your project or investing in a single-use snowplow, consider a plow attachment for your backhoe or skid steer loader.

Rakes
Whether you’re trying to smooth uneven terrain or remove rocks and other debris, a rake attachment makes the job move a lot faster than trying to complete the same task by hand.

Rippers
There’s nothing more frustrating than trying to work when the ground is frozen. Ripper attachments can easily cut through the frozen ground. They can also tear through concrete and asphalt if necessary.

Saws
Sometimes a table saw just won’t cut it — literally. Saw attachments can complete challenging cutting tasks with ease, without ever needing to break out the hand tools.

Stump Grinders
When pulling an entire tree out by the root isn’t an option, stump grinders can help take unsightly stumps down to nothing. These are necessary for site clearing operations, but you don’t need to bring in an extra piece of equipment to complete the job when you can do exactly that with

Thumbs
Sometimes you need an extra set of hands — or in this case, an extra set of thumbs. These help to lift heavy and often awkwardly shaped items and transport them throughout the construction site.

Image by ingjuanrodz from Pixabay

Tillers
If landscaping is part of the plan, a tiller can make the job easier by breaking up the soil and providing straight and even lines ready for planting.

Trenchers
If you need rows deeper than a tiller can provide, the trencher attachment is the next logical step. These attachments can dig trenches three to five feet deep, which is usually plenty for installing infrastructure and plants or trees that may require a deeper starting point.

Comprehensive But Not Exhaustive
Despite the sheer number of items on this list, it is not exhaustive by any means. There are nearly as many attachments for construction equipment as there are applications for them. Before you invest in a new piece of equipment for your construction fleet, look into attachments for your existing equipment. You might be surprised by what you find.

Author Bio: Rose Morrison is a freelance writer who covers construction and building design topics. She is also the managing editor for Renovated.

Other Useful Articles
The impact of poor equipment productivity on construction projects
Preventive Maintenance Checklist for Construction Equipment
planning your construction project

Do you want to learn how to manage construction projects successfully

Click on picture to view books on Amazon

Paul Netscher has written several easy to read books for owners, contractors, construction managers, construction supervisors and foremen. They cover all aspects of construction management and are filled with tips and insights.
Visit to read more.

The books are available in paper and ebook from most online stores including Amazon.

8 Comments

Use Construction Management Software And Experience The Difference

29/6/2021

9 Comments

With the development of computers and various software, more and more businesses manage their operations smoothly and efficiently. This software enables organizations to manage their workforce, keep track of the raw materials and production and follow a planned work schedule. All this eventually increases work productivity. It results in optimal utilization of resources and thus reduces the probability of error. Explicit software is available for various spheres of work, including construction. Today more and more construction companies are depending on construction management software to work efficiently and diligently. There are multiple benefits of using the software in the construction industry which we discuss below.

The Benefits Of Using Construction Management Software

Helps In Controlling Cost- The overall project cost can be easily ascertained with this software. Unless the overall project cost is calculated correctly, it becomes difficult to quote for your customers and be competitive. Also, the software helps to stay within the project costs while the project runs and warns the organization about any deviations.

Allows Having A More Systematic Approach - The construction management software makes it easy for the supervisors and managers to organize their work in real-time on the site. It also allows everybody to know the project's progress without asking every team involved in the project management.

Helps To Organize Documents - Any construction company needs to handle a large volume of documents. The plan, the site plan, the sectional plan, the permissions from various competent authorities, the testing reports, etc. The software allows uploading the documents so that anyone in the organization can easily view them whenever and wherever. It helps to liaise with the client, subcontractors, suppliers, authorities, managers, designers, and more.

Helps To Assess The Risk – Risk assessment is one of the significant issues in the construction business. It can be during quoting, project planning, or in the field. The integrated construction management software helps to ascertain the risk and warns the project managers accordingly.

Managing payments – The construction management software allows the accounting staff and the finance managers to have all the accounting information with a few clicks.

Better Control Of Inventory – Wastage of construction materials is a significant issue for construction companies. It becomes challenging to supervise every process of construction and reduce wastage. The software allows the workers to estimate the amount of materials required for a particular work, give requisition accordingly and minimize wastage. Thus, the cost of construction is kept within control.

Helps Complete The Project In Time – Using this software, it becomes easier to manage the work and keep a check on the flow of work, which eventually results in better control and less error. All this ensures faster completion of the project. The software helps the organization overcome the bottlenecks and complete the project with minimum delay.

Image courtesy of stockimages at FreeDigitalPhotos.net

Conclusion

The use of technology is inevitable, and it finds application across different construction works. The benefits are convincing, and technological intervention promises good results. Make sure that you understand your project requirements, and based on it, you choose the right software.

Author Bio: My name is Layla Flinn. I am a writer by profession and love to share my written blogs and thoughts about Home Improvement, business, and various topics. This time I have written about Use Construction Management Software And Experience The Difference

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How to improve construction productivity

Do you want to learn how to manage construction projects successfully

Click on picture to view books on Amazon

Paul Netscher has written several easy to read books for owners, contractors, construction managers, construction supervisors and foremen. They cover all aspects of construction management and are filled with tips and insights.
Visit to read more.
The books are available in paper and ebook from most online stores including Amazon.

9 Comments

Preventive Maintenance Checklist for Construction Equipment

23/6/2021

15 Comments

What started out with hand tools and long deadlines has evolved and changed over the centuries. A fleet of heavy equipment is the lifeblood of the construction industry, and without it, keeping up with the myriad projects that come across your desk every year would be nearly impossible.

We all know and understand that maintenance is part of owning and operating a fleet, but waiting for things to break down before you repair them isn’t smart or cost-effective. Preventive maintenance is the best option, allowing you to get ahead of problems before they take your equipment offline. So what should be on your preventive maintenance checklist?

Image by graphiclinegroup from Pixabay

Start with construction equipment paperwork

Before you start, the best place to begin is with paperwork and documentation. Each piece of equipment should have its own file of paperwork, detailing its usage and maintenance history. This should also tell you the last time this particular equipment got inspected and when it’s due for its next one.

In addition to helping you keep track of preventive maintenance inspections, this paper trail also serves as a maintenance history if you ever decide to sell your equipment in preparation for an upgrade. If you at any point decide to incorporate AI and machine learning into your maintenance program, this detailed information will provide a baseline for the programs to work from.

With a complete maintenance history, a machine learning program could even potentially predict when a piece of equipment needs to be taken offline for repairs or retired.

A basic maintenance checklist for construction equipment

The exact details of each vehicle’s maintenance schedule will vary depending on the make and model, how old it is, what type of equipment it is, and how often it gets used. However, this checklist can serve as a guide and foundation for nearly any item in your construction fleet.

Look for Any Visible Damage
You won’t always find it, but sometimes problem indicators can present in ways that are easy to spot. A leaky gasket might show as a crack or a puddle of fluid beneath the vehicle, for example.

Brakes
This should include both standard and emergency brakes. Ensure the brakes are operational and the brake fluid is topped off. Have someone stand behind the equipment while you press the brakes to ensure the indicator lights work - well of course not directly behind where they could be in the path of the machine should it suddenly go backwards.

Batteries
Batteries tend to die at the most inopportune times. Inspect the battery and be on the lookout for problems such as corrosion or battery swelling. Batteries should be load tested regularly and replaced when their health starts to fail.

Controls and Steering
Put all the controls and steering operations through their paces to ensure everything is operational. Note any places where the steering feels sluggish or unresponsive.

Fluids and Filters
Check the fluid levels before each workday. For filters, make sure you’re replacing them according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Most filters are difficult to inspect for functionality, but a quick once-over is always good to ensure they’re not leaking.

Engines or Power Sources
A piece of construction equipment becomes an elaborate paperweight if the engine doesn’t start. Inspect the machine or batteries for electric vehicles, and ensure they are in good working order.

Lights
Check headlights and other lighting features at the beginning of each shift to ensure they’re all operational. Note any burned-out bulbs or lenses that look dull or cloudy, as all of these need to be addressed.

Safety Indicators
No one likes to see a safety indicator light glowing on their dash, but they’re there for a reason. Check for any new safety indicator lights when you start the vehicle for the first time. If any are present, follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for how to proceed.

Operator Safety Features
Seatbelts, mirrors, and other features designed to keep the operator safe come next. Ensure everything is working correctly, and don’t be afraid to take a vehicle out of rotation if something isn’t right.

Tires or Treads
The exact details of this checkpoint will vary depending on the equipment, but whether a vehicle has tires, treads, rollers, or some combination, they need to be inspected at the beginning of each shift. Any problems, from embedded nails to cracked treads, should be reported.

Pneumatic Systems
This won’t apply to every piece of equipment, but for anything that uses pneumatic or hydraulic systems to raise, lower, and manipulate arms and buckets, daily inspections are essential. These systems are kept under high pressure, and it won’t take much for a small leak or a bit of damage to cascade into something devastating.

Don’t skip inspecting your constuction equipment

Inspecting your construction fleet each day may seem like a waste of time, but preventive maintenance is worth the investment. Don’t skip an inspection day — you may find yourself missing something small that takes the entire machine offline for lengthy and costly repairs.

Author Bio: Rose Morrison is a freelance writer who covers construction and building design topics. She is also the managing editor for Renovated.

Other Useful Articles
The impact of poor equipment productivity on construction projects
What Size Equipment Is Right for Your Construction Project?
The Alarming Truth about Using Old Construction Equipment

Do you want to learn how to manage construction projects successfully

Click on picture to view books on Amazon

Paul Netscher has written several easy to read books for owners, contractors, construction managers, construction supervisors and foremen. They cover all aspects of construction management and are filled with tips and insights.
Visit to read more.
The books are available in paper and ebook from most online stores including Amazon.

15 Comments

Subcontractor scope of works

18/6/2021

Subcontractors often play an important part on our projects.
When they fail Project Managers are quick to point the finger of blame at their Subcontractor.
But, perhaps the Subcontractor is not entirely to blame.
Often problems with Subcontractors start long before the Subcontractor begins work.

The wrong Subcontractor is selected. A Subcontractor who does not have:

The experience.
The resources.
The financial means.
Pride in their work.

Read choosing a subcontractor

The Subcontractor is not provided the correct project scope, or project conditions when they price the project.
The contract between the Contractor and the Subcontractor has omitted critical details, or has ambiguities and errors.
The Subcontractor made an error when they priced the work and they cannot complete the project for their price

In this article we look at preparing the scope of works that the Subcontractor must price.

Scope of works – what work must the Subcontractor perform

You need to decide what work is included in each Subcontractor work package.
Failure to describe the scope of works correctly could result in variation claims or change orders later.
Allocating work in a package which the Subcontractor does not have the skills for often results in problems.

Case study

On one project we appointed an Electrical Subcontractor to supply the lighting, which included external light masts.
When it came to installing the light towers the Subcontractor wanted to know where the concrete foundations were.
We assumed they were installing the foundations – but this was not in their contract.
We had to engage an Engineer to design the foundations, and then we had to construct the light tower foundations.
Extra costs we had not allowed for. And of course some delay.
The same thing happened when the Air-conditioning Subcontractor came to install the external air-conditioning units.
They wanted to know where the concrete footings were for their units.
Footings we had to get designed and then construct

Failure to allocate work correctly or properly describe the Subcontract scope

Failure to allocate work correctly could result in:

Work being missed that has to be later added to a Subcontractor’s work as a variation or change order.

This could cause delays.
It will result in extra costs which were not budgeted for.
The variation is often more expensive than if the item had been priced by the Subcontractor originally.

It could result in duplication with more than 1 Subcontractor allowing for the item.
Work packages which are too large may limit the number of Subcontractors available to take on the work.
Work packages which are too small could deter some Subcontractors, even increase the overall costs.
Work packages requiring a mixture of skills could deter Subcontractors.
Subcontractors may take on tasks they aren’t capable of doing

Preparing the Subcontractor scope of work

Understand what work will be done by Subcontractors.
Check the capability and availability of Subcontractors.
Group work by type and size to suit the capability of Subcontractors.
It may even be necessary to group similar work into time parcels so that a Subcontractor does not have an overly long gap between tasks.
Think about warranties – it’s not a good idea to split work where 2 or more Subcontractors could be responsible for something that fails. Work components should preferably be distinct and separable.
Ensure that the Scope is clear.
Be clear about who is supplying what.
Ensure work is not duplicated or omitted

Ensure your Subcontractor has everything they require to price the work

It's important to get the Subcontractor's scope of works right and articulate this brief in their pricing documentation and contract document. Failure to prepare the scope of works correctly could result in items being missed and extra costs during construction.
In our next article we consider what should be included in the Subcontractor pricing documentation so that they can price the works correctly. What to include in Subcontractor pricing documentation

Other useful articles
Is the cheapest really the cheapest? - adjudicating quotations
Selecting The Right Contractors and Subcontractors for Your Construction Project
What’s expected of your subcontractors? Do they know?

Do you want to learn how to manage construction projects successfully

Click on picture to view books on Amazon

Paul Netscher has written several easy to read books for owners, contractors, construction managers, construction supervisors and foremen. They cover all aspects of construction management and are filled with tips and insights.
One reader said: "I felt impelled to message you as I purchased your book, and wanted to thank you for the content, it has been very helpful."
Visit to read more.
The books are available in paper and ebook from most online stores including Amazon.

1 Comment

Don't save construction costs by doing this

8/6/2021

Image courtesy of TAW4 at FreeDigitalPhotos.net

Unfortunately contractors lose money on construction projects. Sometimes this happens more frequently than it should, and it can lead to contractors becoming bankrupt, and clients being left with an incomplete project.

Inevitably the contractor's management will be upset and blame the construction project manager for these losses. In previous articles What do you do when your construction project is LOSING money? and Is your construction project losing money? Do you want to find out why? we discussed how important it was for project managers to find the cause of the losses, and to take action to stop further losses and if possible recover the losses already incurred. We mentioned that there were often several reasons for losses and project managers needed to understand the underlying problem. Some reasons why projects lose money

Unfortunately some project managers take the wrong actions and try and cut costs where they shouldn't. This often leads to further problems.

How you shouldn’t save construction costs

Image courtesy of pakorn at FreeDigitalPhotos.net

Although there will always be pressure to cut costs, especially on a construction project that’s losing money, you should never be tempted to cut costs by taking shortcuts, by falsifying test results, by using inferior products or materials that are the wrong specification, by ignoring good safety practices, by omitting materials, or using materials that are smaller or thinner than stipulated. This could lead to accidents, or structural defects that have to be rectified later. Inevitably they will impact reputation when the client finds out, as they almost certainly will. These ‘cost saving’ measures may help your construction project in the short-term, but they could tarnish your reputation, and the reputation of your company, for a very long time. So, even if these measures are encouraged or sanctioned by your senior management, never be part of these actions.

In addition, you should never try and make money from your subcontractors and suppliers by withholding money which is legitimately due to them. Nor should you impose back-charges on them for no valid reason. Your company will have other projects to construct, and subcontractors who have had to battle to be paid, or who feel they have been cheated of money, will be reluctant to work with your company again, or they will increase their prices to contend with these unfair practices. Ultimately your company will pay more. In fact when pricing new projects, if your company doesn’t get competitive quotes from subcontractors and suppliers then your company’s price will be uncompetitive, which will jeopardise your company’s chances of winning other projects.

Subcontractors who are paid on time and are dealt with fairly will usually try and help the contractor out when they’re in trouble (help you get the project finished), they will want to work for your company again, and they almost certainly will give your company their best price.

Conclusion

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No matter how bad the project losses, never sacrifice safety or reputation to save money. If you cannot find the reason for the losses, or cannot do anything to prevent the loss, you must just buckle down and get the project finished as quickly as possible, and at least deliver a quality project to a happy client, which could lead to further construction projects, which will hopefully be profitable. At least salvage something from the loss!

Of course knowing early that your project is losing money could help you take mitigating actions sooner to prevent the loss becoming worse. The CONSTRUCTION project MANAGER'S financial duties.

Other useful articles
Is the cheapest really the cheapest? - adjudicating quotations
12 Construction Project Cost Report Mistakes You Should Avoid
Are you working for free on your construction project?

Do you want to learn how to manage construction projects successfully

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Paul Netscher has written several easy to read books for owners, contractors, construction managers, construction supervisors and foremen. They cover all aspects of construction management and are filled with tips and insights.
Visit to read more.
The books are available in paper and ebook from most online stores including Amazon.

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Demolitions and cutting on construction projects

2/6/2021

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Sometimes construction projects involve demolition of existing structures. On occasion clients change their minds after a structure has been built and they require the newly completed structure demolished, or a hole cut in it. Regrettably, on occasion contractors make mistakes, or work is of a poor quality, so a completed structure must be broken down. Demolition work is often dangerous and must be done with care.

Some examples of demolition accidents
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-09-04/sydney-booty-parlour-gym-destroyed-by-mistake/11476874
https://www.constructionenquirer.com/2020/01/15/worker-killed-as-excavator-falls-through-concrete-slab/
https://www.amny.com/editorial/two-workers-seriously-injured-when-wall-collapse-drags-down-scaffolding-during-harlem-demolition/

Cutting and demolishing safely on your construction project

Before demolitions starts, all hazardous materials must be identified and removed separately, where required demolition permits must be in place, electrical, gas and water supplies must be cut-off to the structures and the lines made safe, all salvageable material should be removed, safety steps must be in place to prevent injuries to workers and the public, exclusion zones must be clearly marked and enforced so that falling debris don’t injure people or damage property, steps must be implemented to minimise dust, areas to be demolished or removed must be clearly marked so that there’s no confusion or risk of the wrong structure being demolished, the right equipment must be used (equipment that’s too big may result in excessive vibrations or loads damaging other structures) and rubble should not be allowed to accumulate where it could block access or cause overloading to structures.

But, even on a normal construction site, often contractors have to cut or drill holes through walls and concrete slabs to make way for pipes and utilities. Cutting a wall brace could make the whole structure unstable, and it could collapse when there’s a strong wind or an external load is imposed on the structure. It’s hard to think that cutting one brace (sometimes only a few inches thick) could cause a whole steel structure to collapse, but unfortunately it has happened. Similarly, care must be taken when cutting holes in a concrete floor slab. Cutting through vital reinforcing could weaken the slab causing it to sag and crack. Some concrete slabs have tensioned cables and cutting one or more of these can lead to a serious failure. Therefore, always take care when cutting structures, in fact check with the design engineer that the hole can safely be cut there. Always check first before cutting.

Conclusion

Cutting and demolishing structures can be dangerous. Always thoroughly understand the risks and make sure the team takes the appropriate safety measures. Where necessary have an engineer check the structure before cutting or demolition works start. Always check that you are cutting in the right place - you wouldn't want to cut an opening in the wrong place, or demolish the wrong structure.

Other useful articles
Expect the unexpected in construction
Damaging existing services
Managing subcontractors on your construction project. What you should consider.

Do you want to learn how to manage construction projects successfully

Click on picture to view books on Amazon

Paul Netscher has written several easy to read books for owners, contractors, construction managers, construction supervisors and foremen. They cover all aspects of construction management and are filled with tips and insights.
Visit to read more.
The books are available in paper and ebook from most online stores including Amazon.

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How Has Construction Industry Safety Improved Over the Years?

26/5/2021

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As long as we’ve had houses and other structures, we’ve had people who specialized in building them. Until the last 100 years or so, though, the idea of safety in the construction industry just didn’t exist.

How has construction industry safety improved over the years, and what advances are we still making to ensure workers are safe on the job?

A Brief History of Construction Safety

Nothing safe about this construction project. An accident waiting to happen!

One hundred years ago, construction safety looked a lot different than it does today. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, there were no safety measures to prevent people from getting injured or even killed on the job. While employees had the option to sue their employer for damages, their chances of winning were slim to none because employers weren’t liable for these incidents.

The U.S. government didn’t establish the National Safety Council until 1913, and it wasn’t until 1921 that a majority of the states had some sort of Workers’ Compensation laws on the books. OSHA, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration that we so often cite as the construction safety “bible,” didn’t make its appearance until 1971.

Even with all the advances made over the past century, there were still 3.5 fatalities for every 100,000 workers in the sector in 2019.

Safety on the Modern Construction Site

Safe work access

Construction site safety is something the industry is constantly trying to improve, with varying levels of success. Despite this, one out of every five workplace fatalities happens in the construction industry, the highest across every sector. What can companies do to improve safety on their work sites?

A safe work site starts with comprehensive and continual safety training. Everyone should receive the same training, and that shouldn’t stop once a new hire has completed their onboarding. Visitors and anyone who doesn’t work for your company should either be barred from entering the job site, or should be accompanied by a trained employee at all times to prevent incidents.

In addition to training, employees also need the tools and equipment to do their job safely. This should include, but not be limited to, personal protective equipment (PPE) like hard hats, safety goggles, ear protection, and gloves. All equipment and PPE needs to be maintained so it’s in good working order, and repaired or replaced as needed. Read 5 traits of the safest contractors.

Keep in mind that you will need different sizes of PPE for your various crew members. This is one part of life where one-size-fits-all just won’t cut it.

Looking Forward

Construction safety has come a long way in the last 100 years, from a time when we had no safety rules whatsoever, to now, when we’ve got plenty of rules to keep us safe. It’s not a perfect system, but it’s been a series of strong steps in the right direction.

Author Bio: Rose Morrison is a freelance writer who covers construction and building design topics. She is also the managing editor for Renovated.

Other Useful Articles
How poor safety costs your construction company money
Who is responsible for safety on your construction project?
Construction projects and high temperatures - do you know the risks?

Do you want to learn how to manage construction projects successfully

Click on picture to view books on Amazon

Paul Netscher has written several easy to read books for owners, contractors, construction managers, construction supervisors and foremen. They cover all aspects of construction management and are filled with tips and insights.
Visit to read more.
The books are available in paper and ebook from most online stores including Amazon.

5 Comments

Collaboration in construction

18/5/2021

Frequently construction projects end over budget, are finished late, are of poor quality, cause injury or death to workers and even to those using the project after it's complete, contractors loose money on the project, or the project ends in protracted and expensive legal battles.

How can we improve construction project outcomes for all parties - client or owner, contractor, subcontractors, and suppliers?

Is it possible to have a project win-win for all parties?

How can we improve the success of our construction projects?

It is possible to improve the success of construction projects with better collaboration.

How to improve collaboration on construction projects

Some say that collaboration can be improved by using technology. How will this happen?

Can new forms of contract improve collaboration?

Who is responsible for improving collaboration on construction projects?

Join me with this presentation I gave as a CPD webinar as I share my thoughts and experience on how we can improve collaboration in the construction industry.

Successful construction projects are built by a team.
We should be striving for a win-win for all on our construction projects.
Our success should not depend on another’s failure.
Technology can aid collaboration on construction projects, but cannot on it’s own lead to collaboration.
We can work together.
Collaboration is in your hands.

Other useful articles:
Why construction projects go wrong before they even start – what should owners do?
Why owners sometimes employ the wrong contractor
Do You Have Good Communication On Your Construction Project?

Do you want to learn how to manage construction projects successfully

Click on picture to view books on Amazon

Paul Netscher has written several easy to read books for owners, contractors, construction managers, construction supervisors and foremen. They cover all aspects of construction management and are filled with tips and insights.
Visit to read more.
The books are available in paper and ebook from most online stores including Amazon.

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How to avoid construction disputes

6/5/2021

Frequently construction projects end in long and acrimonious disputes which can be costly, consume large amounts of time and energy, and which sometimes drag on long after the project construction work is complete. These disputes may end inconclusively with no winners - except perhaps the lawyers.

These disputes occur between clients/owners and contractors, between contractors and their subcontractors and suppliers.

In my last article Avoiding Construction Disputes I mentioned that I had resolved hundreds, probably more than a thousand, variation claims (change orders) with my clients amicably and without declaring a dispute.

Some recent examples of disputes
https://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/eldorado-hotel-sues-designers-builders-of-rooftop-swimming-pool/article_fe18b412-90b8-11eb-aafb-33f9dd971cfc.html
https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/2020/09/02/forest-hills-says-subcontractor-has-grossly-exaggerated-money-due/5684289002/
https://therealdeal.com/miami/2020/09/09/miami-river-condo-association-alleges-10m-in-defects-lawsuit/

So how can we prevent disputes on our construction projects?

How contractors can avoid construction disputes

Contractors can avoid disputes if:

You have a good signed contract in place.
You take steps to mitigate and avoid changes and delays by warning the employer ahead of time when information or access is required, and by notifying the employer as soon as a variation or delay arises. The object should not be to trip the client/employer and their team up, it is more important to have a successful project.
You avoid some employers and some projects.
Your variation claims are clear, fair and right, with supporting documentation.
You keep accurate project documentation.
There is an approved construction schedule which is regularly updated, is in sufficient detail, and clearly shows milestones, links, and durations.
You regularly communicate with the employer and their team.
You are willing to engage and negotiate with the employer.
You try the cup of coffee approach. A meeting often solves an issue that 10 emails cannot!
You ask for expert help when necessary.
If the employer’s responsible person is unprepared to budge you may be able to meet with their manager or even talk to the employer directly.
It is possible to come up with other solutions to help the employer.
You do not fight the unwinnable.
You keep your emotions and ego out of your decisions.
You understand the other party’s argument and counter it with facts.
You admit when you are wrong.
You employ subcontractors and suppliers who are capable of delivering the project, not simply because they are the cheapest.
You ensure that you deliver a quality project on time.
You continually monitor the quality and progress of subcontractors and take prompt action to correct problems.

How clients and owners can avoid construction disputes

Employers can avoid disputes by:

Not selecting contractors on price alone. Select contractors who have the resources and capabilities to do the work. Contractors whose price is a fair reflection of what the project should cost. The cheapest price seldom works out to be cheap.
Ensuring there is a proper and fair contract in place.
Minimising changes and delays to the project.
Ensuring that the construction project and contractor are managed properly. This includes monitoring progress and quality as the project proceeds, and taking proactive steps with the contractor to rectify the problems.
Taking prompt action when problems occur on the project. Don't wait until the end of the project to find fault - it's usually too late by then.
Understanding the contract.
Promptly adjudicating the contractor’s variation claims (change orders) in a fair and impartial manner in accordance with the contract document. Ensuring you understand the claim before you reject it.
Communicating your decision on the merits of a claim to the contractor so it is clear what parts of the claim you reject and why.
Holding a meeting with the contractor to understand the basis of variation claims and the contractor’s calculations if these are not clear.
Not trying to profit unfairly from the contractor or take advantage of the contractor.
Keeping egos and personalities out of your decisions.
Making informed decisions in the best interests of the project.
Building trust and collaboration on the project.

Conclusion

Collaboration between contractors and the client or owner, collaboration between contractors and their subcontractors, a team effort can lead to a successful construction project for all. Good communication is essential to successful projects. Aiming for a project that is a win for everyone, rather than a winner take all approach.

It is possible to avoid construction disputes.

Other useful articles:
Why owners sometimes employ the wrong contractor
Are your subcontractors profitable? Should you care?
what makes a good client?

This article is from the webinar Avoiding Construction Disputes by the author and information included in author's book Construction Claims: A Short Guide for Contractors.
This easy to read book demystifies the claims (change order) processes ensuring entitlements are claimed. Learn when you can claim, how to make claims compelling, and the supporting documentation required to win. Your eyes will be opened to numerous events, costs and impacts. Knowing some of these tips could dramatically improve profits and avoid time consuming acrimonious disputes.
Also included is advice for contractors to avoid and defend claims from employers and subcontractors.

© 2021 This article is not to be reproduced for commercial purposes without written permission from the author.

Do you want to learn how to manage construction projects successfully

Click on picture to view books on Amazon

Paul Netscher has written several easy to read books for owners, contractors, construction managers, construction supervisors and foremen. They cover all aspects of construction management and are filled with tips and insights.
Visit to read more.
The books are available in paper and ebook from most online stores including Amazon.

2 Comments

Avoiding Construction Disputes

27/4/2021